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:''For the psychological theory called "naïve realism", see naïve realism (psychology)'' Naïve realism, also known as direct realism or common sense realism, is a philosophy of mind rooted in a theory of perception that claims that the senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world. In contrast, some forms of idealism assert that no world exists apart from mind-dependent ideas and some forms of skepticism say we cannot trust our senses. The realist view is that we perceive objects as they ''really'' are. They are composed of matter, occupy space and have properties, such as size, shape, texture, smell, taste and colour, that are usually perceived correctly. Objects obey the laws of physics and retain all their properties whether or not there is anyone to observe them.〔(Naïve Realism ), ''Theory of Knowledge.com''.〕 Naïve realism is known as ''direct'' as against ''indirect'' or ''representative'' realism when its arguments are developed to counter the latter position, also known as epistemological dualism;〔Lehar, Steve. (Representationalism )〕 that our conscious experience is not of the real world but of an internal representation of the world. ==Theory== The naïve realist theory may be characterized as the acceptance of the following five beliefs: # There exists a world of material objects. # Some statements about these objects can be known to be true through sense-experience. # These objects exist not only when they are being perceived but also when they are not perceived. The objects of perception are largely perception-independent. # These objects are also able to retain properties of the types we perceive them as having, even when they are not being perceived. Their properties are perception-independent. # By means of our senses, we perceive the world directly, and pretty much as it is. In the main, our claims to have knowledge of it are justified."〔(Naïve Realism ), University of Reading.〕 In the area of visual perception in psychology, the leading direct realist theorist was J. J. Gibson. Other psychologists were heavily influenced by this approach, including William Mace, Claire Michaels,〔http://ione.psy.uconn.edu:16080/~corr/Pages/MichaelsProfile.htm〕 Edward Reed,〔http://www.us.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Psychology/Cognitive/?view=usa&ci=9780195073010〕 Robert Shaw, and Michael Turvey. More recently, Carol Fowler has promoted a direct realist approach to speech perception. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Naïve realism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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